The Kautiliya Arthasastra: 3 Volumes

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Item Code: IDE739
Publisher: MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Author: R.P. Kangle
Language: Sanskrit and English
Edition: 2019
ISBN: 9788120800427
Pages: 1200
Cover: Hardcover
Other Details 9.8" X 6.6"
Weight 2.40 kg
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Book Description

From the Jacket:

The Kautiliya Arthasastra is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise on the governance and administration of a state. Starting with the bringing up and education of the young prince, it proceeds to the appointment of ministers and the organization and functioning of various state departments, including the setting up of a secret service. It then sets forth a code of civil and criminal law. In the matter of foreign relations, it puts before the ruler the ideal of a 'vijigisu' (would-be world conqueror) and discusses in great detail the various situations he may have to face in his dealings with foreign states, whether friendly or inimical, and points out how he should conduct himself in every case so as to achieve his goal. The present edition comprises three parts.

Part I is a new critical edition of the text based on all manuscript evidences available so far as well as on portions of ancient commentaries that have been published. It also takes into account the new commentary on the entire text by T. Ganapati Sastri.

Part II is a new English translation of the text; the critical and explanatory notes consider the various readings in the text as well as the different interpretations found in the commentaries or offered by modern scholars.

Part III is a study of the text and deals with all problems that are likely to arise in connection with its study, such as the origin of the Arthasastra as a science, the authorship and date of the work, social conditions reflected in it, the economy of the state visualized in it, the administrative setup recommended, law and its administration, foreign polity and so on. It also attempts an assessment of its importance and relevance in modern times.

About the Author:

R.P. Kangle taught Sanskrit for over thirty years in Government colleges in Gujarat and Maharashtra (old Bombay Presidency) and retired as Professor of Sanskrit from the Elphinstone College, Bombay in 1954. The three-part work on the kautilya Arthasastra was published by the University of Bombay between 1961 and 1965. Other publications to his name are in Marathi: The Plays of Kalidasa, Ancient Indian Political Science, Ancient Poetics Marathi translations of the Kautiliya Arthasastra, etc.

 

CONTENTS

PART ONE

Sanskrit Text with a Glossary

PART TWO
An English Translation with Critical and Explanatory Notes

 

 

Book 1 Concerning the Topic of Training 1-54
  1 Enumeration of Sections and Books 1
  2 Sec. 1 Enumeration of the Sciences 5
  3 Sec. 1 (Continued) 7
  4 Sec. 1 (Continued) 9
  5 Sec. 2 Association with Elders 10
  6 Sec. 3 Control over the Senses 12
  7 Sec. 3 (Continued) 13
  8 Sec. 4 Appointment of Ministers 15
  9 Sec. 5 Appointment of Councillors and Chaplain 17
  10 Sec. 6 Ascertainment of the Integrity of Ministers by Means of Secret Tests 18
  11 Sec. 7 Appointment of Persons in Secret Service 21
  12 Sec. 7 (Continued)  
    Sec. 8 Rules for Secret Servants 23
  13 Sec. 9 Keeping over the Enemy's Seducible and Non-seducible Parties 28
  14 Sec. 10 Winning over the Enemy's Seducible and Non-seducible Parties 30
  15 Sec. 11 The Topic of Counsel 32
  16 Sec. 12 Rules for the Envoy 36
  17 Sec. 13 Guarding against Princes 39
  18 Sec. 14 Conduct of the Prince in Disfavour  
    Sec. 15 Behaviour towards a Prince in Disfavour 43
  19 Sec. 16 Rules for the King 45
  20 Sec. 17 Regulations for the Royal Residence 48
  21 Sec. 18 Protection of the King's Person 51
Book 2 The Activity of the Heads of Departments 55-189
  1 Sec. 19 Settlement of the Countryside 55
  2 Sec. 20 Disposal of Non-agricultural Land 59
  3 Sec. 21 Construction of Forts 61
  4 Sec. 22 Lay-out of the Fortified City 67
  5 Sec. 23 Duties of the Directory of Stores 72
  6 Sec. 24 The Setting up of Revenue by the Administrator 75
  7 Sec. 25 Records and Accounts and Audit Office 80
  8 Sec. 26 Misappropriation of Revenue by Officers and Its Recovery 85
  9 Sec. 27 Inspection of Officers Work 89
  10 Sec. 28 The Topic of Edicts 92
  11 Sec. 29 Examination of Precious Articles Received in the Treasury 97
  12 Sec. 30 Starting of Mines and Factories 105
  13 Sec. 31 The Superintendent of Gold in the Workshop 110
  14 Sec. 32 The Royal Goldsmith in the Market Highway 116
  15 Sec. 33 The Superintendent of the Magazine 122
  16 Sec. 34 The Directory of Trade 127
  17 Sec. 35 The Director of Forests 129
  18 Sec. 36 The Superintendent of the Armoury 131
  19 Sec. 37 Standardisation of Weights and Measures 134
  20 Sec. 38 Measures of Space and Time 138
  21 Sec. 39 The Collector of Customs 141
  22 Sec. 39 (Continued) 144
  23 Sec. 40 The Superintendent of Yarns 146
  24 Sec. 41 The Director of Agriculture 148
  25 Sec. 42 The Controller of Spirituous Liquors 153
  26 Sec. 43 The Supervisor of Animal Slaughter 157
  27 Sec. 44 The Superintendent of Courtesans 158
  28 Sec. 45 The Controller of Shipping 162
  29 Sec. 46 The Superintendent of Cattle 165
  30 Sec. 47 The Superintendent of Horses 170
  31 Sec. 48 The Superintendent of Elephants 174
  32 Sec. 48 (Continued) 177
  33 Sec. 49 The Superintendent of Chariots  
    Sec. 50 The Superintendent of Foot Soldiers  
    Sec. 51 The Commandant of the Army 179
  34 Sec. 52 The Superintendent of Passports  
    Sec. 53 The Superintendent of Pastures 181
  35 Sec. 54 The Administrator's Activity  
    Sec. 55 Activity of Secret Agents 182
  36 Sec. 56 The City Superintendent 185
Book 3 Concerning Judges 190-253
  1 Sec. 57 Valid and Invalid Transactions  
    Sec. 58 Filing of Law-suits 190
  2 Sec. 59 Concerning Marriage 196
  3 Sec. 59 (Continued) 201
  4 Sec. 59 (Continued) 205
  5 Sec. 60 Partition of Inheritance 208
  6 Sec. 60 (Continued) 211
  7 Sec. 60 (Continued) 213
  8 Sec. 61 Concerning Immovable Property 216
  9 Sec. 61 (Continued) 219
  10 Sec. 61 (Continued)  
    Sec. 62 Non-observance of Conventions 222
  11 Sec. 63 Non-payment of Debts 226
  12 Sec. 64 Concerning Deposits 230
  13 Sec. 65 Law Concerning Slaves and Labourers 235
  14 Sec. 65 (Continued)  
    Sec. 66 Undertakings in Partnership 239
  15 Sec. 67 Rescission of Sale and Purchase 242
  16 Sec. 68 Non-conveyance of Gifts  
    Sec. 69 Sale without Ownership  
    Sec. 70 The Relation of Ownership 248
  17 Sec. 71 Forcible Seizure 245
  18 Sec. 72 Verbal Injury 246
  19 Sec. 73 Physical Injury 247
  20 Sec. 74 Gambling and Betting  
    Sec. 75 Miscellaneous Offences 250
Book  4 The Suppression of Criminals 254-291
  1 Sec. 76 Keeping a Watch over Artisans 254
  2 Sec. 77 Keeping a Watch over Traders 259
  3 Sec. 78 Remedies during Calamities 262
  4 Sec. 79 Guarding against Persons with Secret Income 265
  5 Sec. 80 Detection of Criminals through Secret Agents 267
  6 Sec. 81 Arrest on Suspicion, with the Article and by the Act 268
  7 Sec. 82 Inquest on Sudden Deaths 272
  8 Sec. 83 Investigation through Interrogation and through Torture 274
  9 Sec. 84 Keeping a Watch over Departments 277
  10 Sec. 85 Redemption from Corporal Punishment 281
  11 Sec. 86 Capital Punishment 283
  12 Sec. 87 Violation of Maidens 285
  13 Sec. 88 Punishment for Transgressions 288
Book 5 Secret Conduct 292-313
  1 Sec. 89 Infliction of Secret Punishment 292
  2 Sec. 90 Replenishment on the Treasury 296
  3 Sec. 91 The Salaries of State Servants 302
  4 Sec. 92 Conduct Proper for a Dependent 305
  5 Sec. 93 Proper Behaviour of a Courtier 307
  6 Sec. 94 Continuance of the Kingdom  
    Sec. 95 Continuous Sovereignty 309
Book 6 The Circle of Kings as the Basis 314-320
  1 Sec. 96 Excellences of Constituents 314
  2 Sec. 97 Concerning Peace and Activity 317
Book 7 The Six Measures of Foreign Policy 321-384
  1 Sec. 98 Enumeration of the Six Measures  
    Sec. 99 Use of Measures in Decline, Stable Condition and Advancement 321
  2 Sec. 100 Conduct when Seeking Shelter 325
  3 Sec. 101 Policies for the Equal, the Weaker and the Stronger Kings  
    Sec. 102 Peace-Treatises by the Weaker King 327
  4 Sec. 103 Staying Quiet after Making War  
    Sec. 104 Staying Quiet after Making Peace  
    Sec. 105 Marching after Making War  
    Sec. 106 Marching after Making War  
    Sec. 107 Marching with other Kings 331
  5 Sec. 108 Considerations about Attack on a Vulnerable King and the Enemy  
    Sec. 109 Causes Leading to Decline, Greed and Disaffection among Subjects  
    Sec. 110 Confederated Allies 334
  6 Sec. 111 March of two Allied Kings  
    Sec. 112 Treaties with Stipulations, without Stipulations and with Deserters 338
  7 Sec. 113 Peace and War Connected with Dual Policy 342
  8 Sec. 114 Conduct of the King about to be Attacked  
    Sec. 115 Allies Fit to be Helped 346
  9 Sec. 116 Pacts for Securing an Ally, Money, Land an Undertaking 349
  10 Sec. 116 (Continued) 353
  11 Sec. 116 (Continued) 355
  12 Sec. 116 (Continued) 359
  13 Sec. 117 Considerations about the King Attacking in the Rear 361
  14 Sec. 118 Recoupment of Powers Become Weak 366
  15 Sec. 119 Entrenching Oneself in a Fort in War with a Stronger King  
    Sec. 120 Conduct of the King Surrendering with Troops 369
  16 Sec. 121 Conduct of the King Subjugating by Force 372
  17 Sec. 122 The Making of Peace  
    Sec. 123 Liberation of the Hostage 375
  18 Sec. 124 Conduct towards the Middle King  
    Sec. 125 Conduct Towards the Neutral King  
    Sec. 126 Conduct towards the Circle of Kings 380
Book 8 Concerning the Topic of Calamities 385-405
  1 Sec. 127 Calamities of the Constituent Elements 385
  2 Sec. 128 Calamities of the King and Kingship 390
  3 Sec. 129 Vices of Man 393
  4 Sec. 130 Afflictions  
    Sec. 131 Hindrances  
    Sec. 132 Stoppages of Payment to the Treasury 397
  5 Sec. 133 Calamities of the Army  
    Sec. 134 Calamities of the Ally 401
Book 9 The Activity of the King About to March 406-432
  1 Sec. 135 Relative Strength of Powers, Place and Time  
    Sec. 136 Seasons for Marching on an Expedition 406
  2 Sec. 137 Employment of Different Troops  
    Sec. 138 Enquipping Troops for War  
    Sec. 139 Employing Suitable Troops against Enemy Troops 409
  3 Sec. 140 Revolts in the Rear  
    Sec. 141 Measures against Risings by Constituents 413
  4 Sec. 142 Consideration of Losses, Expenses and Gains 417
  5 Sec. 143 Dangers from Officers 420
  6 Sec. 144 Dangers from Traitors and Enemies 422
  7 Sec. 145 Dangers with Advantage, Disadvantage and Uncertainty  
    Sec. 146 Overcoming Dangers by Different Means 427
Book 10 Concerning War 433-453
  1 Sec. 147 Setting up of the Camp 433
  2 Sec. 148 March from the Camp  
    Sec. 149 Guarding Troops during Calamities and at the Time of Attack 435
  3 Sec. 150 Covert Fighting  
    Sec. 151 Encouraging the Troops  
    Sec. 152 Disposition of Troops 438
  4 Sec. 153 Grounds Suitable for Fighting  
    Sec. 154 Functions of Infantry, Cavalry, Chariots and Elephants 442
  5 Sec. 155 Arrangement of Battle-arrays  
    Sec. 156 Distribution of Strong and Weak Troops  
    Sec. 157 Modes of Fighting of Infantry, Cavalry, Chariots and Elephants 445
  6 Sec. 158 Staff, Snake, Circle and Diffuse Arrays  
    Sec. 159 Counter-arrays against Them 450
Book 11 Policy towards Oligarchies 454-459
  1 Sec. 160 The Policty of Showing Dissensions  
    Sec. 161 Forms of Silent Punishment 454
Book 12 Concerning the Weaker King 460-473
  1 Sec. 162 The Mission of the Envoy 460
  2 Sec. 163 Fight with the Weapon of Diplomacy  
    Sec. 164 Assassination of Army Chiefs 462
  3 Sec. 164 (Continued)  
    Sec. 165 Stirring up the Circle of Kings 465
  4 Sec. 166 Secret Use of Weapons, Fire and Poison  
    Sec. 167 Destruction of Supplies, Reinforcements and Raids 467
  5 Sec. 168 Overreaching the Enemy by Trickery  
    Sec. 169 Overreaching the Force  
    Sec. 170 Victory of the Single King 470
Book 13 Means of Taking a Fort 474-493
  1 Sec. 171 Instigation of Sedition 474
  2 Sec. 172 Drawing the Enemy out by Means of Stratagems 477
  3 Sec. 173 Employment of Secret Agents 481
  4 Sec. 174 Laying Siege to a Fort  
    Sec. 175 Storming a Fort 485
  5 Sec. 176 Pacification of the Conquered Territory 491
Book 14 Concerning Secret Practices 494-511
  1 Sec. 177 Secret Practices for the Destruction of Enemy Troops 494
  2 Sec. 178 Deceiving through Occult Practices 499
  3 Sec. 178 (Continued) 508
  4 Sec. 179 Counter-measures against Injuries to One's Own Troops 510
Book 15 The Method of the Science 512-516
  1 Sec. 180 Devices Used in the Science 512
Index of Principal Topics 517

 

PART THREE
A Study

 

1. Arthasastra: Scope and Origin 1
2. The Kautiliya Arthasastra: Content and Form 19
3. Sources 40
4. Author and Date 59
5. The State in Kautilya 116
6. Society and Social Life 143
7. State Economy 166
8. State Administration 194
9. Law and Administration of Justice 215
10. Internal Security 232
11. Defence and External Affairs 244
12. Concluding Remarks 266
  Bibliography 285
  Word Index 295
  General Index 297

Part-I













Part-II













Part-III













 

 


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