Download in PDF FormatGoddess Tara, a female Buddha and meditational deity, is arguably the most popular goddess in the Buddhist pantheon. She is considered to be the goddess of universal compassion who represents virtuous and enlightened activity.
The word Tara itself is derived from the root 'tri' (to cross), hence the implied meaning:' the one who enables living beings to cross the Ocean of Existence and Suffering'. Her compassion for living beings, her desire to save them from suffering, is said to be even stronger than a mother's love for her children.
The story of Tara's origin, according to the Tara Tantra, recounts that aeons ago she was born as a king's daughter. A spiritual and compassionate princess, she regularly gave offerings and prayers to the ordained monks and nuns. She thus developed great merit, and the monks told her that, because of her spiritual attainments, they would pray that she be reborn as a man and spread Buddhist teachings. She responded that there was no male and no female, that nothing existed in reality, and that she wished to remain in female form to serve other beings until everyone reached enlightenment, hence implying the shortfall in the monk's knowledge in presuming only male preachers for the Buddhist religion. Thus Tara might be considered one of the earliest feminists.
Another legend of Tara is that she was born from the compassionate tears of Avalokiteshvara (The Buddha of compassion):
"Homage!
Tara, swift, heroic! With a glance like flashing
lightning, born
from a blooming lotus sprung from the tears on
the face of the
Lord of the World!"
... Chapter III, Tara Tantra
The above verse refers to the legend of Tara's origin. Avalokiteshvara was looking down from his heaven on the world of suffering beings, and he wept to see that more and more of them were in pain. From the tears streaming down his face two Taras were born, a peaceful white one from the left and a fierce green one from the right. Tara is thus also often referred to as Avalokiteshvara's consort.
In a historical sense, Tara is associated with the two pious and virtuous wives of Tibet's first great religious king, Songsten Gambo (d. 649). White Tara is associated with his wife from imperial China, Wen Cheng, and Green Tara is identified with Bhrkuti, his Nepalese wife.
To
the Buddhists the symbolism of color is of great
import. The sadhanas (ancient manuals laying down
procedures for worship) are very particular in
stipulating the colors of the deities visualized.
This color is intended not only to unfold the
nature of the deity represented but also to indicate
the functions to be performed by that deity. Specifically
colors are used in the paintings under a definite
mystic scheme, based on the psychic experiences
of the sadhaka (worshipper).
No wonder then that her devotees visualize Tara in a myriad variety of colors:
'Some
have a vision of you (Tara) as red as the sun
with rays
more brilliant
and red than the lac and the vermilion. Others
see
you blue like
the sapphire. Some again see you whiter than the
milk churned out
of the milky ocean. Still others see you golden.
Your visva-rupa
is like a crystal which changes its color with
the change of
the things around it.'
... Arya-Tara-sragdhara-stotra
The most popular of all the known forms of Tara are the widely worshipped Green and White Taras. It is believed that the first artists modeled Green Tara on a young virgin, and the White Tara on a physically mature, voluptuous woman. Thus traditionally whereas the Green Tara is visualized as young girl having a mischievous and playful nature, the White Tara is represented as a mature woman, full-breasted and wise. This tradition survives to the present times.
Green Tara
Green Tara is Tara's most dynamic manifestation. Her color symbolizes youthful vigor and activity. The Buddhist Lord of karma (action), Amoghasiddhi, is also associated with the green color, thus signifying that they belong to the same family. This is a further affirmation of the perception that Green Tara is a goddess of action.
She is often depicted in a posture of ease with right leg extended, signifying her readiness to spring into action. The left leg is folded in the contemplative position on the lotus pedestal, the two together thus symbolizing the integration of wisdom and art.
Her left hand, in the gesture
of granting refuge holds the stem of a blue lotus
that floats over her left shoulder as a symbol
of purity and power. With her right hand she makes
the boon-granting gesture.
On
a lotus seat, standing for realization of voidness,
(You are) the
emerald-colored, one-faced, two-armed Lady
In youth's full
bloom, right leg out, left drawn in,
Showing the union
of wisdom and art - homage to you!
Like the outstretched
branch of the heavenly turquoise tree,
Your supple right
hand makes the boon- granting gesture,
Inviting the wise
to a feast of supreme accomplishments,
As if to an entertainment-homage
to you!
Your left hand
gives us refuge, showing the Three Jewels;
It says, "You
people who see a hundred dangers,
Don't be frightened-I
shall swiftly save you!"
Homage to you!
Both hands signal
with blue blue utpala flowers,
"Samsaric beings!
Cling not to worldly pleasures.
Enter the great
city of liberation!"
Flower-goads prodding
us to effort-homage to you!
... First Dalai Lama (1391-1474)
In visual arts she is shown as resembling an exceptionally lovely human being in everything but the color of her skin and the splendor of her ornaments. The slender, long proportioned body of the goddess is shown dusky olive green in color and her coloring reverberates against the striped cushion of her throne back. The painting technique itself is extremely refined, the pigment flat and thin, and it does not emphasize linear outlining except in the most subtle way. The mysterious and intriguing nature of Green Tara is marvelously captured in the medium of painting by the ingenious blending of the typical iconographical setting with the color scheme.
