Volume I: Prehistoric Roots
Volume II: Protohistoric Foundations
Voume III: The Text Poltical History and Administration Till C.200 BC
Volume IV: Poltical History and Administration (C.AD 200 BC-AD750)
Volume V: Poltical History and Administration (C.AD 750-1300)
The present volume, i.e. Volume I, is about the genesis and the development of Stone Age cultures in the country. This is preceded by an examination of the historical diversity and richness of the Indian land and also of the various ideas pertaining to the physical elements of the people who inhabit this land. The prehistoric data available from the various parts of the country are scrupulously examined and they lead to the dominant impression of a seamless continuity through different prehistoric stages. What also emerges is the enormous hunting-gathering potential of the Indian landscape and the position of the Indian landmass in the general context of human evolution.
The present volume, i.e. Volume II, discusses the post-Stone Age development, dwelling on a vast array of interlinked themes such as the beginning of food-production, the phenomenon of the Indus civilization in all its regional diversities and features, and finally, the establishment of a ‘village India’ on the subcontinental level and its transformation into the phase of early historic urban growth. The volume is titled Protohistoric Foundations because these contain the seeds of what we see in the later contexts including the village India that we can still see, despite the impacts of modern socio-economic forces around us.
The present volume, third in the series, has to begin with the Aryan problem on which scholars have written for close to three centuries. Much of what has been written still clings like mill-stones to our necks, and we have argued why and how we should get rid of the general obsession with this notion. We have denied that the entire corpus of the Vedic literature is anything but an interconnected corpus of Indian texts and has to be viewed thus historically. A scholarly review of the Buddhist and Jaina literature features next with the issues such as the dates of the Buddha and Mahavira. Orthodox political history is introduced with the Mahajanapadas contemporary with the life of the Buddha and Mahavira and the subsequent emergence of Magadha as the leading political power of the country. The beginning and end of the Mauryan power along with the earlier political episodes of the Achaemenid and Greek invasions bring the political history part of the volume to conclusion. Following this, there are chapters on the urbanism, inscriptions and coins of the period and notes on 21 major archaeological sites.
The present volume, fourth in the series, picks up the thread between the end of the Mauryan dominance and the growth of major regional powers around AD 750. This includes, on the one hand, the phase of the Kushanas who represent in a way the significance of the Oxus-Indus orbit in the course of Indian history and the resurgence of the Gangetic region under the Guptas on the other. We discuss also the development of Sangam literature and the ruling dynasties like Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas. Within this frame there were other political developments, each important in their own domain.
The present volume, i.e. volume V, deals with the regional developments which have the added dimension of large-scale regional interactions. Each of the regional polities was strong on their own and shows awareness of areas far beyond the usual areas of their interaction.
From this point of view, the powers which grew up in the Ganga plains, central India, the northwestern part of India-Afghanistan, east India, the Deccan and the south give the political and administrative history of the land an aura of pan-Indian significance. The different stages through which Islam acquired power in India have been clearly outlined in this volume.
Dilip K. Chakrabarti is Emeritus Professor of South Asian Archaeology at Cambridge University and Dean, Centre for Historical and Civilizational Studies, VIF. He has a large number of research books and articles to his credit.
Makkhan Lal, taught at Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. He was a Visiting Fellow in Clare Hall, Cambridge University. He was elected member of the Executive committee of World Archaeological Congress representing South Asia (1986-94) and also Academic Programme Co-ordinator and Treasurer of World Archaeological Congress -3 (1990-94). He is founding Professor-Director of Delhi Institute of Heritage Research and Management (established by the Government of Delhi) and a Senior Fellow at Vivekananda International Foundation. He has a large number of books and researches articles to his credit.
Foreword - Ajit K Doval, KC | vii | |
Editor's Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
Introduction | ||
1.1. | Aspects of Historical Geography | 3 |
1.2. | The Classifications of Indian People in the Census of 1901 and 1931. and the Current Approach | 22 |
of the Anthropological Survey of India | ||
1.3. | People of India: Implications of Recent DNA Studies | 28 |
1.4. | Genetic Basis of Unity (Early Palaeolithic Antiquity and | 59 |
Continuity of the Contemporary Indian Populations) | ||
Part II | ||
The Palaeolithic Context | ||
II.1. | Stratigraphy, Typology and Technology of the Palaeolithic Record | 67 |
II.2. | Palaeolithic Cultures in the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan Ranges, Delhi, Rajasthan and Gujarat | 121 |
II.3.1. | Madhya Pradesh and Adjoining Uttar Pradesh: Palaeolithic Cultures | 140 |
of the Belan and Son Valleys | ||
II.3.2. | Madhya Pradesh: Narmada Valley Prehistory and Hathnora | 163 |
II.4. | Palaeolithic Cultures of Western and Southern India | 177 |
II.5. | The Palaeolithic Cultures of Eastern India | 205 |
II.6. | The Palaeolithic Cultures in Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nepal | 229 |
Part III | ||
The Mesolithic And Rock Art | ||
III.I. | Microlithic Industries and the Issue of the Mesolithic | 245 |
III.2. | Rock Art | 301 |
Part IV | ||
Site Reports | ||
IV.1. | Aitbarapur | 349 |
IV.2. | Andaman Islands | 353 |
IV.3. | Attirampakkam | 363 |
IV.4. | Baghor I | 372 |
IV.5. | Bangar Canal (16 R) | 382 |
IV.6. | Bhimbetka | 388 |
IV.7. | Hunsgi | 400 |
IV.8. | Isampur | 411 |
IV.9. | Jwalapuram | 423 |
IV.10. | Laharia-dih | 438 |
IV.11. | Mesolithic Sites in Koraput District, Orissa | 445 |
IV.12. | Paisra | 462 |
IV.13. | Renigunta | 472 |
IV.14. | Samnapur | 485 |
IV.15. | Singi Talav | 489 |
IV.16. | Tilwara and Bagor | 495 |
IV.17. | Yediyapur | 503 |
Contributors | 513 | |
Index | 515 |
Foreword | ix | |
Editors' Preface | xix | |
Part I | ||
The Beginning Of Food-Production and The First Villages | ||
I.1. | the Beginning of Wheat, Barley and Rice Cultivation: Mehrgarh and Lahuradeva | 3 |
I.2. | Early Villages from Baluchistan to Western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat | 35 |
Part II | ||
Harappan Civilisation | ||
II.1. | Name, Origin and Chronology of the Harappan Civilisation | 87 |
II.2. | Distribution and Features of the Harappan Settlements | 97 |
II.3. | The Saraswati River: Geographical Literature, | 144 |
Archaeology, Ancient Texts and Satellite Images | ||
II.4.1 | Agriculture | 171 |
II.4.2 | Animals | 184 |
II.4.3. | Internal Trade | 202 |
II.4.4. | External Trade | 207 |
II.4.5. | Metallurgy | 212 |
II.4.6. | Ceramics | 235 |
II.4.7. | Technology, Craft Production, Raw Material, Manufacturing Techniques and Activity Areas | 263 |
II.4.8. | Metrology and Linear Measurements | 309 |
II.4.9. | Social Stratification and Political Set-up | 321 |
II.4.10. | Religion | 325 |
II.4.11. | Human Skeletal Biology | 332 |
II.4.12. | Art | 344 |
II.4.13. | Seals, Sealings and Script | 371 |
Part III | ||
Late Harappan Phase | 395 | |
Part IV | ||
Legacy Of Harappan Civilization | 433 | |
Part V | ||
Village Settlements Outside The Harappan ORBIT | ||
V.1. | Mountains in the North: Baluchistan, Gandhara, Kashmir and the Almorah Hills | 459 |
V.2. | Chalcolithic Rajasthan | 465 |
V.3. | Chalcolithic Madhya Pradesh | 480 |
V.4. | The Deccan Chalcolithic | 487 |
V.5. | The Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu | 498 |
V.6. | The Neolithic-Chalcolithic of Andhra Pradesh | 506 |
V.7. | Eastern Indian Neolithic Chalcolithic | 523 |
V.8. | Copper Hoards and the Ochre-Coloured Pottery of the Upper Ganga Plain | 557 |
Part VI | ||
The Beginning of Iron | ||
VI.1. | The Beginning of Iron | 567 |
VI.2. | The Iron Age in Tamil Nadu | 592 |
VI.3. | Towards Early Historic India | 615 |
Part VII | ||
Site Reports | ||
VII.1. | Alamgirpur | 629 |
VII.2. | Bagasra | 643 |
VII.3. | Balathal | 660 |
VII.4. | Daimabad | 667 |
VII.5. | Dholavira | 671 |
VII.6. | Farmana | 683 |
VII.7. | Gilund | 691 |
VII.8. | Hulaskhera | 700 |
VII.9. | Inamgaon | 706 |
VII.10. | Kalibangan | 712 |
VII.11. | Kanmer | 721 |
VII.12. | Khirsara | 737 |
VII.13. | Kuntasi | 747 |
VII.14. | Lothal | 754 |
VII.15. | Malhar | 764 |
VII.16. | Mayiladumparai | 770 |
VII.17. | Narhan, Imlidih Khurd and Other Related Sites | 777 |
VII.18. | Navdatoli | 793 |
VII.19. | Padri | 796 |
VII.20. | Porunthal | 802 |
VII.21. | Sanauli | 809 |
VII.22. | Sanganakallu | 823 |
VII.23. | Senuwar | 843 |
VII.24. | Sheri Khan Tarakai | 852 |
VII.25. | Sohr Damb/Nal | 860 |
VII.26. | Surkotada | 867 |
VII.27. | Thandikudi | 872 |
Contributors | 881 | |
Index | 885 |
Foreword | ix | |
Editors' Preface | xix | |
Part I | ||
The Vedic Texts And Related Issues | ||
I.1. | The Aryan Hypothesis: Theories and Arguments | 3 |
I.2. | The Horse and the Aryan Debate | 30 |
I.3. | Genetics and the Aryan Issue | 44 |
I.4. | India of the Vedic Texts | 65 |
I.5. | Traditional Political History | 112 |
Part II | ||
The Buddhist And Jaina Texts | ||
II.1. | The Buddhist and Jaina Texts | 127 |
Part III | ||
Political History And Administration Till c. 200 BC | ||
III.1. | Janapadas, Mahajanapadas, Kingdoms, and Republics | 183 |
III.2. | The Achaemenid Expansion to the Indus and Alexander's Invasion of the North-West | 205 |
III.3. | The Mauryas | 231 |
III.4. | Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas | 276 |
Part IV | ||
Iron Age To Early History | ||
IV.1. | Ganga Plain and North-Central Vindhyas | 301 |
IV.2. | Peninsular and Southern India | 343 |
IV.3. | Early Agriculture in the Middle Ganga Plain | 379 |
Part V | ||
Inscriptions And Coins | ||
V.1. | Asokan and Post-Asokan Inscriptions (up to c. 200 BC) | 413 |
V.2. | Evolution of Coinage and Early Indian Coins | 422 |
Part VI | ||
The Growth Of Early Historic Cities And States | ||
VI.1. | Early Historical Urbanism and State Formations | 435 |
Part VII | ||
Site Reports | ||
VII.1. | Ayodhya | 501 |
VII.2. | Chandraketugarh | 506 |
VII.3. | Charsadda | 512 |
VII.4. | Hathab | 523 |
VII.5. | Jhusi (Pratishthanpur) | 525 |
VII.6. | Kapilavastu-Lumbini | 541 |
VII.7. | Kausambi | 551 |
VII.8. | Mahasthangarh | 566 |
VII.9. | Mathura | 574 |
VII.10. | Pataliputra | 593 |
VII.11. | Rajagriha | 599 |
VII.12. | Sarnath | 609 |
VII.13. | Sisupalgarh | 617 |
VII.14. | Sravasti | 629 |
VII.15. | Sugh | 635 |
VII.16. | Sunet | 643 |
VII.17. | Taxila | 652 |
VII.18. | Tosali | 664 |
VII.19. | Vaisali | 668 |
VII.20. | Varanasi | 673 |
VII.21. | Wari-Bateshwar | 681 |
Contributors | 691 | |
Index | 693 |
Foreword | vii | |
Editors' Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
Post-Mauryan Phase: Northern India Till The Kushanas | ||
I.1. | The Sungas, Kanvas, Republican Kingdoms and Monarchies, | 3 |
Mahameghavahanas, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians | ||
I.2. | Republics in Ancient India | 24 |
I.3. | The Kushanas | 35 |
Part II | ||
Post-Mauryan Phase: Deccan And Western India | ||
II.1. | The Satavahanas and Their Successors | 71 |
II.2. | The Western Kshatrapas | 96 |
Part III | ||
Northern India, c. AD 300-750 | ||
III.1. | The Gupta Dynasty | 119 |
III.2. | North Indian States and Dynasties, c. AD 300-600 | 164 |
III.3. | Harsha and His Contemporaries | 192 |
III.4. | Northern India after Harsha (c. AD 650-750) | 207 |
III.5. | Administration (the Guptas, Harsha and Their Contemporaries) | 222 |
Part IV | ||
Deccan, South India And Orissa | ||
IV.1 | The Vakatakas, the Chalukyas of Badami and the Kadambas of Banavasi | 241 |
IV.2. | The Dynastic Successions in the South (From the End of the Sangam Era to c. AD 750) | 256 |
IV.3. | Orissa till c. AD 750 | 270 |
Part V | ||
Coins And Inscriptions | ||
V.1. | Coins of Historical Period (c. 200 BC-AD 750) | 291 |
V.2. | Inscriptions, c. 200 BC-AD 750 | 324 |
Part VI | ||
Site Reports | ||
VI.1. | Bharhut as an Archaeological Area | 351 |
VI.2. | Rivers, Valleys, Harbours and the Distribution of the Rock-cut | 367 |
Monasteries of the Western Ghats | ||
VI.3. | Sanchi as an Archaeological Area | 388 |
VI.4. | The Military Aspect of Wari-Bateshwar | 428 |
Contributors | 441 | |
Index | 443 |
Foreword | vii | |
Editors' Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
North India | ||
I.1. | The Gurjara Pratiharas | 3 |
I.2. | Paramaras | 28 |
I.3. | Chandellas | 74 |
I.4. | The Kalachuris | 110 |
I.5. | The Chahamanas | 133 |
I.6. | The Gahadavalas | 142 |
I.7. | The Guhilas | 157 |
I.8. | The Pala-Sena and Others | 165 |
I.9. | Assam from the Fifth to the Thirteenth Centuries | 214 |
I.10. | Dynasties of Orissa | 228 |
Part II | ||
The Deccan And The South | ||
II.1. | The Pallavas | 255 |
II.2.1. | The Cholas | 272 |
II.2.2. | Military Organization of the Cholas | 288 |
II.3. | Pandyas | 329 |
II.4. | The Hoysalas | 349 |
II.5. | Eastern Chalukyas | 384 |
II.6. | Notes on Some Dynasties of the Deccan and South India: The | 392 |
Rashtrakutas, Western Chalukyas, Cheras, Kakatiyas, Yadavas and Silaharas | ||
Part III | ||
The Road To Muslim Political Power | ||
III.1. | The Arabs in Sindh, Kabul and Zabul | 409 |
III.2. | The Shahis of Afghanistan and Punjab | 426 |
III.3. | Invasions of Ghaznavids | 441 |
III.4. | Muhammad Ghori and the Establishment of Muslim rule | 460 |
Part IV | ||
Coins, Inscriptions, Archaeology | ||
IV.1. | Coins | 471 |
IV.2.1. | North Indian Inscriptions | 500 |
IV.2.2. | South Indian Inscriptions | 525 |
IV.3. | Inscriptions and Archaeology in the Mapping of Religious Settlements: | 532 |
A Case Study of the Surma Valley (Sylhet) | ||
Contributors | 557 | |
Index | 559 |
Volume I: Prehistoric Roots
Volume II: Protohistoric Foundations
Voume III: The Text Poltical History and Administration Till C.200 BC
Volume IV: Poltical History and Administration (C.AD 200 BC-AD750)
Volume V: Poltical History and Administration (C.AD 750-1300)
The present volume, i.e. Volume I, is about the genesis and the development of Stone Age cultures in the country. This is preceded by an examination of the historical diversity and richness of the Indian land and also of the various ideas pertaining to the physical elements of the people who inhabit this land. The prehistoric data available from the various parts of the country are scrupulously examined and they lead to the dominant impression of a seamless continuity through different prehistoric stages. What also emerges is the enormous hunting-gathering potential of the Indian landscape and the position of the Indian landmass in the general context of human evolution.
The present volume, i.e. Volume II, discusses the post-Stone Age development, dwelling on a vast array of interlinked themes such as the beginning of food-production, the phenomenon of the Indus civilization in all its regional diversities and features, and finally, the establishment of a ‘village India’ on the subcontinental level and its transformation into the phase of early historic urban growth. The volume is titled Protohistoric Foundations because these contain the seeds of what we see in the later contexts including the village India that we can still see, despite the impacts of modern socio-economic forces around us.
The present volume, third in the series, has to begin with the Aryan problem on which scholars have written for close to three centuries. Much of what has been written still clings like mill-stones to our necks, and we have argued why and how we should get rid of the general obsession with this notion. We have denied that the entire corpus of the Vedic literature is anything but an interconnected corpus of Indian texts and has to be viewed thus historically. A scholarly review of the Buddhist and Jaina literature features next with the issues such as the dates of the Buddha and Mahavira. Orthodox political history is introduced with the Mahajanapadas contemporary with the life of the Buddha and Mahavira and the subsequent emergence of Magadha as the leading political power of the country. The beginning and end of the Mauryan power along with the earlier political episodes of the Achaemenid and Greek invasions bring the political history part of the volume to conclusion. Following this, there are chapters on the urbanism, inscriptions and coins of the period and notes on 21 major archaeological sites.
The present volume, fourth in the series, picks up the thread between the end of the Mauryan dominance and the growth of major regional powers around AD 750. This includes, on the one hand, the phase of the Kushanas who represent in a way the significance of the Oxus-Indus orbit in the course of Indian history and the resurgence of the Gangetic region under the Guptas on the other. We discuss also the development of Sangam literature and the ruling dynasties like Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas. Within this frame there were other political developments, each important in their own domain.
The present volume, i.e. volume V, deals with the regional developments which have the added dimension of large-scale regional interactions. Each of the regional polities was strong on their own and shows awareness of areas far beyond the usual areas of their interaction.
From this point of view, the powers which grew up in the Ganga plains, central India, the northwestern part of India-Afghanistan, east India, the Deccan and the south give the political and administrative history of the land an aura of pan-Indian significance. The different stages through which Islam acquired power in India have been clearly outlined in this volume.
Dilip K. Chakrabarti is Emeritus Professor of South Asian Archaeology at Cambridge University and Dean, Centre for Historical and Civilizational Studies, VIF. He has a large number of research books and articles to his credit.
Makkhan Lal, taught at Banaras Hindu University and Aligarh Muslim University. He was a Visiting Fellow in Clare Hall, Cambridge University. He was elected member of the Executive committee of World Archaeological Congress representing South Asia (1986-94) and also Academic Programme Co-ordinator and Treasurer of World Archaeological Congress -3 (1990-94). He is founding Professor-Director of Delhi Institute of Heritage Research and Management (established by the Government of Delhi) and a Senior Fellow at Vivekananda International Foundation. He has a large number of books and researches articles to his credit.
Foreword - Ajit K Doval, KC | vii | |
Editor's Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
Introduction | ||
1.1. | Aspects of Historical Geography | 3 |
1.2. | The Classifications of Indian People in the Census of 1901 and 1931. and the Current Approach | 22 |
of the Anthropological Survey of India | ||
1.3. | People of India: Implications of Recent DNA Studies | 28 |
1.4. | Genetic Basis of Unity (Early Palaeolithic Antiquity and | 59 |
Continuity of the Contemporary Indian Populations) | ||
Part II | ||
The Palaeolithic Context | ||
II.1. | Stratigraphy, Typology and Technology of the Palaeolithic Record | 67 |
II.2. | Palaeolithic Cultures in the Himalayan and Sub-Himalayan Ranges, Delhi, Rajasthan and Gujarat | 121 |
II.3.1. | Madhya Pradesh and Adjoining Uttar Pradesh: Palaeolithic Cultures | 140 |
of the Belan and Son Valleys | ||
II.3.2. | Madhya Pradesh: Narmada Valley Prehistory and Hathnora | 163 |
II.4. | Palaeolithic Cultures of Western and Southern India | 177 |
II.5. | The Palaeolithic Cultures of Eastern India | 205 |
II.6. | The Palaeolithic Cultures in Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Nepal | 229 |
Part III | ||
The Mesolithic And Rock Art | ||
III.I. | Microlithic Industries and the Issue of the Mesolithic | 245 |
III.2. | Rock Art | 301 |
Part IV | ||
Site Reports | ||
IV.1. | Aitbarapur | 349 |
IV.2. | Andaman Islands | 353 |
IV.3. | Attirampakkam | 363 |
IV.4. | Baghor I | 372 |
IV.5. | Bangar Canal (16 R) | 382 |
IV.6. | Bhimbetka | 388 |
IV.7. | Hunsgi | 400 |
IV.8. | Isampur | 411 |
IV.9. | Jwalapuram | 423 |
IV.10. | Laharia-dih | 438 |
IV.11. | Mesolithic Sites in Koraput District, Orissa | 445 |
IV.12. | Paisra | 462 |
IV.13. | Renigunta | 472 |
IV.14. | Samnapur | 485 |
IV.15. | Singi Talav | 489 |
IV.16. | Tilwara and Bagor | 495 |
IV.17. | Yediyapur | 503 |
Contributors | 513 | |
Index | 515 |
Foreword | ix | |
Editors' Preface | xix | |
Part I | ||
The Beginning Of Food-Production and The First Villages | ||
I.1. | the Beginning of Wheat, Barley and Rice Cultivation: Mehrgarh and Lahuradeva | 3 |
I.2. | Early Villages from Baluchistan to Western Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat | 35 |
Part II | ||
Harappan Civilisation | ||
II.1. | Name, Origin and Chronology of the Harappan Civilisation | 87 |
II.2. | Distribution and Features of the Harappan Settlements | 97 |
II.3. | The Saraswati River: Geographical Literature, | 144 |
Archaeology, Ancient Texts and Satellite Images | ||
II.4.1 | Agriculture | 171 |
II.4.2 | Animals | 184 |
II.4.3. | Internal Trade | 202 |
II.4.4. | External Trade | 207 |
II.4.5. | Metallurgy | 212 |
II.4.6. | Ceramics | 235 |
II.4.7. | Technology, Craft Production, Raw Material, Manufacturing Techniques and Activity Areas | 263 |
II.4.8. | Metrology and Linear Measurements | 309 |
II.4.9. | Social Stratification and Political Set-up | 321 |
II.4.10. | Religion | 325 |
II.4.11. | Human Skeletal Biology | 332 |
II.4.12. | Art | 344 |
II.4.13. | Seals, Sealings and Script | 371 |
Part III | ||
Late Harappan Phase | 395 | |
Part IV | ||
Legacy Of Harappan Civilization | 433 | |
Part V | ||
Village Settlements Outside The Harappan ORBIT | ||
V.1. | Mountains in the North: Baluchistan, Gandhara, Kashmir and the Almorah Hills | 459 |
V.2. | Chalcolithic Rajasthan | 465 |
V.3. | Chalcolithic Madhya Pradesh | 480 |
V.4. | The Deccan Chalcolithic | 487 |
V.5. | The Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu | 498 |
V.6. | The Neolithic-Chalcolithic of Andhra Pradesh | 506 |
V.7. | Eastern Indian Neolithic Chalcolithic | 523 |
V.8. | Copper Hoards and the Ochre-Coloured Pottery of the Upper Ganga Plain | 557 |
Part VI | ||
The Beginning of Iron | ||
VI.1. | The Beginning of Iron | 567 |
VI.2. | The Iron Age in Tamil Nadu | 592 |
VI.3. | Towards Early Historic India | 615 |
Part VII | ||
Site Reports | ||
VII.1. | Alamgirpur | 629 |
VII.2. | Bagasra | 643 |
VII.3. | Balathal | 660 |
VII.4. | Daimabad | 667 |
VII.5. | Dholavira | 671 |
VII.6. | Farmana | 683 |
VII.7. | Gilund | 691 |
VII.8. | Hulaskhera | 700 |
VII.9. | Inamgaon | 706 |
VII.10. | Kalibangan | 712 |
VII.11. | Kanmer | 721 |
VII.12. | Khirsara | 737 |
VII.13. | Kuntasi | 747 |
VII.14. | Lothal | 754 |
VII.15. | Malhar | 764 |
VII.16. | Mayiladumparai | 770 |
VII.17. | Narhan, Imlidih Khurd and Other Related Sites | 777 |
VII.18. | Navdatoli | 793 |
VII.19. | Padri | 796 |
VII.20. | Porunthal | 802 |
VII.21. | Sanauli | 809 |
VII.22. | Sanganakallu | 823 |
VII.23. | Senuwar | 843 |
VII.24. | Sheri Khan Tarakai | 852 |
VII.25. | Sohr Damb/Nal | 860 |
VII.26. | Surkotada | 867 |
VII.27. | Thandikudi | 872 |
Contributors | 881 | |
Index | 885 |
Foreword | ix | |
Editors' Preface | xix | |
Part I | ||
The Vedic Texts And Related Issues | ||
I.1. | The Aryan Hypothesis: Theories and Arguments | 3 |
I.2. | The Horse and the Aryan Debate | 30 |
I.3. | Genetics and the Aryan Issue | 44 |
I.4. | India of the Vedic Texts | 65 |
I.5. | Traditional Political History | 112 |
Part II | ||
The Buddhist And Jaina Texts | ||
II.1. | The Buddhist and Jaina Texts | 127 |
Part III | ||
Political History And Administration Till c. 200 BC | ||
III.1. | Janapadas, Mahajanapadas, Kingdoms, and Republics | 183 |
III.2. | The Achaemenid Expansion to the Indus and Alexander's Invasion of the North-West | 205 |
III.3. | The Mauryas | 231 |
III.4. | Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas | 276 |
Part IV | ||
Iron Age To Early History | ||
IV.1. | Ganga Plain and North-Central Vindhyas | 301 |
IV.2. | Peninsular and Southern India | 343 |
IV.3. | Early Agriculture in the Middle Ganga Plain | 379 |
Part V | ||
Inscriptions And Coins | ||
V.1. | Asokan and Post-Asokan Inscriptions (up to c. 200 BC) | 413 |
V.2. | Evolution of Coinage and Early Indian Coins | 422 |
Part VI | ||
The Growth Of Early Historic Cities And States | ||
VI.1. | Early Historical Urbanism and State Formations | 435 |
Part VII | ||
Site Reports | ||
VII.1. | Ayodhya | 501 |
VII.2. | Chandraketugarh | 506 |
VII.3. | Charsadda | 512 |
VII.4. | Hathab | 523 |
VII.5. | Jhusi (Pratishthanpur) | 525 |
VII.6. | Kapilavastu-Lumbini | 541 |
VII.7. | Kausambi | 551 |
VII.8. | Mahasthangarh | 566 |
VII.9. | Mathura | 574 |
VII.10. | Pataliputra | 593 |
VII.11. | Rajagriha | 599 |
VII.12. | Sarnath | 609 |
VII.13. | Sisupalgarh | 617 |
VII.14. | Sravasti | 629 |
VII.15. | Sugh | 635 |
VII.16. | Sunet | 643 |
VII.17. | Taxila | 652 |
VII.18. | Tosali | 664 |
VII.19. | Vaisali | 668 |
VII.20. | Varanasi | 673 |
VII.21. | Wari-Bateshwar | 681 |
Contributors | 691 | |
Index | 693 |
Foreword | vii | |
Editors' Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
Post-Mauryan Phase: Northern India Till The Kushanas | ||
I.1. | The Sungas, Kanvas, Republican Kingdoms and Monarchies, | 3 |
Mahameghavahanas, Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians | ||
I.2. | Republics in Ancient India | 24 |
I.3. | The Kushanas | 35 |
Part II | ||
Post-Mauryan Phase: Deccan And Western India | ||
II.1. | The Satavahanas and Their Successors | 71 |
II.2. | The Western Kshatrapas | 96 |
Part III | ||
Northern India, c. AD 300-750 | ||
III.1. | The Gupta Dynasty | 119 |
III.2. | North Indian States and Dynasties, c. AD 300-600 | 164 |
III.3. | Harsha and His Contemporaries | 192 |
III.4. | Northern India after Harsha (c. AD 650-750) | 207 |
III.5. | Administration (the Guptas, Harsha and Their Contemporaries) | 222 |
Part IV | ||
Deccan, South India And Orissa | ||
IV.1 | The Vakatakas, the Chalukyas of Badami and the Kadambas of Banavasi | 241 |
IV.2. | The Dynastic Successions in the South (From the End of the Sangam Era to c. AD 750) | 256 |
IV.3. | Orissa till c. AD 750 | 270 |
Part V | ||
Coins And Inscriptions | ||
V.1. | Coins of Historical Period (c. 200 BC-AD 750) | 291 |
V.2. | Inscriptions, c. 200 BC-AD 750 | 324 |
Part VI | ||
Site Reports | ||
VI.1. | Bharhut as an Archaeological Area | 351 |
VI.2. | Rivers, Valleys, Harbours and the Distribution of the Rock-cut | 367 |
Monasteries of the Western Ghats | ||
VI.3. | Sanchi as an Archaeological Area | 388 |
VI.4. | The Military Aspect of Wari-Bateshwar | 428 |
Contributors | 441 | |
Index | 443 |
Foreword | vii | |
Editors' Preface | xv | |
Part I | ||
North India | ||
I.1. | The Gurjara Pratiharas | 3 |
I.2. | Paramaras | 28 |
I.3. | Chandellas | 74 |
I.4. | The Kalachuris | 110 |
I.5. | The Chahamanas | 133 |
I.6. | The Gahadavalas | 142 |
I.7. | The Guhilas | 157 |
I.8. | The Pala-Sena and Others | 165 |
I.9. | Assam from the Fifth to the Thirteenth Centuries | 214 |
I.10. | Dynasties of Orissa | 228 |
Part II | ||
The Deccan And The South | ||
II.1. | The Pallavas | 255 |
II.2.1. | The Cholas | 272 |
II.2.2. | Military Organization of the Cholas | 288 |
II.3. | Pandyas | 329 |
II.4. | The Hoysalas | 349 |
II.5. | Eastern Chalukyas | 384 |
II.6. | Notes on Some Dynasties of the Deccan and South India: The | 392 |
Rashtrakutas, Western Chalukyas, Cheras, Kakatiyas, Yadavas and Silaharas | ||
Part III | ||
The Road To Muslim Political Power | ||
III.1. | The Arabs in Sindh, Kabul and Zabul | 409 |
III.2. | The Shahis of Afghanistan and Punjab | 426 |
III.3. | Invasions of Ghaznavids | 441 |
III.4. | Muhammad Ghori and the Establishment of Muslim rule | 460 |
Part IV | ||
Coins, Inscriptions, Archaeology | ||
IV.1. | Coins | 471 |
IV.2.1. | North Indian Inscriptions | 500 |
IV.2.2. | South Indian Inscriptions | 525 |
IV.3. | Inscriptions and Archaeology in the Mapping of Religious Settlements: | 532 |
A Case Study of the Surma Valley (Sylhet) | ||
Contributors | 557 | |
Index | 559 |