Indus Script Deciphered (An Old and Rare Book)

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Based on scientific methods and sound logic Indus Script Deciphered reveals a syllabic stage in the evaluation of the writing systems of the world. The decipherment also proves that the Aryans and Asuras a mixed race with the background of common religion and culture are no new comers to this land, but inhabited the Indus valley from time immemorial till they got separated at the end of the Indus Civilization.

Known to the people of the contemporary civilization as Aryans, this mixed race was one of the four great races of mankind who inhabited the ancient world, the other three being; Semitic Hamitic and Turanian.

The deciphered names of goods, kings and dynasties cities, temples and countries, besides a host of other thing make significant contribution to the extension of the horizons of history. The life of forgotten people of the great civilization bubbling with the activities like wars, religion, culture, trade, navigation and writing unfolds itself in the pages of this book.

M.V.N. Krishna Rao (b.1930) obtained his Master's Degree in history from the Andhra University (1953) and his Post-graduate Diploma in Archaeology from the school of Archaeology the Archaeological Survey of India in 1967.

He joined the Archaeological Survey in 1956 and engaged himself mostly in field Archaeology- Explorations and Excavations. Presently his is in charge of the Amravathi Museum in Andhra Pradesh.

Rao has published many reports and scientific papers besides participating in several conference and seminars. The present book is the outcome of his untiring efforts of over a decade in the decipherment of the Indus Script.

It was in the year Nineteen hundred sixty-nine, a breakthrough in the decipherment of the Indus Script could be achieved by me on the basis of the principle of acrophony and the same was immediately announced to the world. Most of the elites received this news with great jubilation.

The matter presented in this book is a sequel to my first attempt. It took nearly twelve years of hard labour to place before the world the results of my further researches and results in the matter of the hitherto undeciphered Indus writing. The main reason for this inordinate delay is that I had to undertake this great work singlehandedly, braving all scorns and hardships and without any co-operation or encouragement from the philanthropic institutions.

I, however, feel gratified that I have achieved my object by placing before the world. the complete decipherment of the Indus Script, solving most of the baffling problems that have engaged the attention of the scholars throughout the world.

A research work, however sound its logic may be, cannot be taken as final and hence needs constant revisions, checks and confirmations, particularly in view of the fact that our knowledge is increasing every day by leaps and bounds.

I hope the reader will be kind enough to forgive me for any errors and omissions committed inadvertently in bringing out this book. I shall be thankfull to those who would enlighten me with their constructive criticism.

I am grateful to the Director General, Archaeological Survey of India for permission to reproduce the seals and sealings from the Departmental publications.

I am thankful to Shri Agam Prasad of the Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi for bringing out this book in such a short time.

Our knowledge of the existence of the Indus Script dates from the year 1922 when archaeologists had started collecting antiquities belonging to an unknown culture in India. Many bold attempts have been made by several scholars to read the script ever since its discovery but these have not given us any encouraging results. Though some progress about the nature and direction of writing of the script has been made,1 no one has so far read a single inscription correctly.

In the circumstances, the only hope is the discovery of a bilingual inscription which alone can solve the mystery, for it is impossible to read authoritatively the inscriptions written in an unknown language and script. Till we shall discover such a bilingual seal the alternative left to us is to continue our search for the other clues that will enable us to make a headway, and this is the very objective of the present book.

Previous Work

It is relevant to mention here about the important work done previously by some great scholars in this field of study.

C.J. Gadd and Langdon classified the signs and prepared an elaborate sign list. Sir John Marshall was the pioneer who initiated the study of the Indus Civilization.

Without this previous work, surely my attempts would have been very difficult. G.R. Hunter! also formulated certain theories as to the possible nature of the signs and their relation with other scripts like Sumerian, etc., and the contents of the seals, which helped me greatly to proceed further on the subject. He suggested that the language might be monosyllabic and the script phonetic. On the whole. mojority of these scholars like Gadd, Langdon, Hunter agreed that the script was basically syllabary and it was written from right to left. Opinion was divided as to the language of the Indus people. Some maintained that it was Dravidian or Munda group, while the others held that it was Aryan. Father Heras and the recent Russian Scholars showed by way of linguistic analysis of the signs on the basis of their occurrence in combination and in certain positions as end, beginning and middle that it might be proto-Dravidian. Yet all these attempts were based on assumptions.

Speculation, especially where the problem is of peculiar nature and no clue: is apparently perceptible to take up to progress on the road which leads us to the truth, is perhaps, permissible as a step towards discovery. While attempting to solve the problem, I could find no other way than resorting to a scientific guess based on simple logic which ultimately brought me a bountiful of clues and the present book is its harvest. I gratefully acknowledge my debt to all the elders in the field who actually equipped me variously to take up the problem of such a magnitude.

**Contents and Sample Pages**