This quaint artistic representation of an elephant whose various body parts consist of different animal forms is popularly called the pashu-kunjar, that is, an elephant composed of animals. In its other representations the elephant is composed solely of multiple figures of women and is called accordingly the nari-kunjar. This art form seems to have developed around the early 18th century simultaneously in many art schools but in Rajasthan it gained greater popularity and there came up several curious paintings in this form. Kunjar is the Sankrit term for elephant. Obviously, whatever the components, the prime figure was contemplated to have been that of an elephant but despite its such name it did not remain confined to elephant alone. Horses, camels and lions too were composed by an amalgamation of animals, human forms and demons. The human forms were both male and female.
Though an artistic innovation, this art form seems to have its inspiration from and origin in the legendary concept of cosmic cow believed to have her body composed of millions of gods, goddesses and holy beings. Several late 17th and early 18th century paintings depict the body of the cosmic cow consisting of multiple figures of divine ones and human beings. In case of the cosmic cow this concept only defined the spiritual magnitude of the cow. In some of these paintings the main human figure, usually a prince, is seen overpowering the evil forces whereas in others he is himself overpowered by them. As the tradition of these composite forms has it, the depictions have on some remote corner of the canvas a shrine or group of shrines. By aligning its direction with the main figure, the elephant or whatever, the painting seems to symbolise that the spirit riding a material form composed of multiple animal passions shall have to bear the brunt of their obstructing attacks before it reaches the holy destination. In this Animal-Kunjar the demeanour of the principal figure and that of the evil forces depicts soul's dismay and inability to overcome its obstructions, though its direction is well defined.
This description by Prof. P.C. Jain and Dr. Daljeet. Prof. Jain specializes on the aesthetics of literature and is the author of numerous books on Indian art and culture. Dr. Daljeet is the curator of the Miniature Painting Gallery, National Museum, New Delhi. They have both collaborated together on a number of books.
For privacy concerns, please view our Privacy Policy
Send as free online greeting card
Email a Friend
Manage Wishlist