India's Contributions to The West : The Story of Origin of Mathematics, Science And Philosophy In India And Its Dispersal to The West Leading to Development of Modern Age

$43
Item Code: IDH092
Author: Dr. P. Priyadarshi
Publisher: Standard Publishers India New Delhi
Language: English
Edition: 2004
ISBN: 8187471093
Pages: 165
Cover: Hardcover
Other Details 8.9" X 5.7"
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Book Description
About the Book

'India was the mother of all civilizations' is often said by many. But little significant research or reliable writing has ever been done to substantiate this fact.

"India's contributions to the West" primarily discusses now India has been a source of knowledge to the West over ages. Even the growth of modern sciences in the West, called the 'Renaissance' was a direct results of flow of Indian knowledge to the West.

Kanaka, an Indian scientist from the Sind province of India landed in the court of Caliph al-Mansur in Baghdad with a diplomatic delegation in 773 AD along with a treasure trove of Indian scientific manuscripts in Sanskrit. He discussed the contents of the book with the Caliph. The Caliph was amazed at the scientific knowledge of the books and immediately ordered translation of the books. Al-fazari and Yakun ibn Tariq became the first Arab Students of Kanaka. This process sparked a fire of knowledge in the Caliphate. Caliphs Haroun Ar-Rashid and al-Mamun were successive Abbasid caliphs who promoted science and sent scientific expeditions to India in search of more manuscripts. Famous mathematician al-Khwarizmi wrote a book which was known to Europe in its Latin translation, 'Algoritmi de Numero Indorum'. This book became the hallmark for beginning of study of mathematics in Europe.

The Abbasid empire included Spain and many parts of East Europe. The caliphs opened up libraries and universities in the areas of Europe under their empire. The caliphs organized translation of those scientific texts into Latin. Thus the texts containing scientific writings of Aryabhata, Brahma gupta etc. reached Europe in Latin translation. These contained a lot of scientific material including even on gravitation. These sparked a light of knowledge in Europe which had that far been deprived of any scientific knowledge.

Indian knowledge was imported to Europe earlier also, especially by Pythagoras and later during the Hellenistic period. Apart from modern science and mathematics, India influenced Western religion and philosophy as well. Modern psychology owes a lot to Indian religions. In fact west owes a lot to India in all branches of learning.

The book touches these various issues in brief. The facts have been well substantiated with appropriate references.

About the Author

Dr. Priyadarshi, MBBS, MD, MRCP (UK), a physician by education has studied history, philosophy, anthropology and many other branches of learning quite exhaustively and independently. As a student he had a distinguished career and he received distinction in physics and chemistry. He received higher training and specialization in UK and worked there for more than five years as a physician before finally deciding to return to India. In the past he was successful in the Civil Services Examination of UPSC held in 1986 and was offered police post on which he worked for some time. He has an investigative temper developed as a result of his training in scientific research. He has applied the scientific research methods to history writing, which is acknowledge now to be a multi-disciplinary challenge and should not be confined only to the hands of traditional historians with little training in science.

CONTENTS
Forewordxi
Prefacexiii
Introductionxxi
1.The Dark Age in Europe1
Poor condition of Science and Mathematics2
Poor Economy 2
Society Riddled with Superstitions4
Poor Plight of the People Labeled to be Witches7
Condition of Women8
Poor People10
Religious Intolerance11
General Condition12
2.Ancient Indian Tradition of Science, Knowledge and Modernism, and its Decline Later19
A. Science in Ancient India19
Mathematics20
Physics21
Cosmology26
Science of (Acoustics) Music27
Chemistry28
Biology29
Medicine30
Other Sciences32
B. Ancient Indian Scientists33
Aryabhata33
C. Ancient India was a modern Civilization36
Equalitarian society40
Ancient India had Modern Social Customs41
Secularism42
The Modernist Trends were ingrained in the Indian Religions42
Theocracy, Religion, Science and Secularism in Ancient Indian44
D. Decline of Knowledge in India during the Last Millennium (1000 to 1999 AD)49
3.Indian Influence on the West in the Early BC Period56
Indian Influences on Greece before Pythagoras57
Hindu Influences on Greek Gods60
4.Dawn of Knowledge in the West with Pythagoras Turning Hindu62
5. Alexandria University: A Centre for Indo-Greek Learning70
Alexandrian Scholars and Scientists71
6.Origin of Christianity and Threats to Alexandria80
Origin of Christianity80
Hindu Influences on Christianity80
Non-Hindu Influences on Christianity84
Threats to Alexandria85
7. Destruction of Greece and Alexandria87
Brutal Murder of a Mathematical Genius89
Caliph Omar's Invasion and the End of Alexandria90
8Transfer of Knowledge from India to Arabic Language (Baghdad)92
9Translation of Non-Science Hindu Literature into Arabic and Persian105
10Knowledge Moves West109
11India's contribution to the Science of Psychology115
12Other Indian Contributions to West129
Philosophy129
Miscellaneous Contributions132
13The Story of Calendar135
Babylonian Calendar138
Sumerian Calendar138
Jewish Calendar138
Chinese Calendar139
Greek Calendar139
Roman Calendar139
The Ancient Egypt and development of Modern Calendar140
Appendix:China's Contributions to the West 144
Bibiography145
Index149
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