Articles by Shubha Pathak

One of the most precious possessions that India and other South Asian nations have is an unlimited trove of enchanting traditional stories. One of their richest sources is an eleventh-century collection known as the Kathasaritsagara (The Ocean of the Streams of Stories) and local to the then kingdom of Kashmir. Situated at a well-travelled node along the Silk Roads that had connected Asia and Europe for several centuries before, the Kashmiri sovereignty offered a wealth of opportunities for material and cultural exchange. Among their keenest witnesses was a brahmin named Somadeva backed by the Kashmiri court. Even though he was a Shiva devotee like his sponsor, Queen Suryavati, he was well aware of the rich religious diversity in their midst. The tales he told, then, featured all manner of characters, many of them drawn from even earlier traditional works—such as the great Ramayana and Mahabharata epic poems, the Panchatantra and Hitopadesha fable compilations, and the ruler-and-ghoul Vetalapanchavimshati folktales. But still more important than the original sources of Somadeva’s stories was the new, irreverent outlook that he brought to them.