This is the fourteenth module of the course in Guidance and Counselling. It aims at developing basic statistical literacy especially in the context of guidance and counselling. The units covered in this module will help you to understand the statistical data given in the test manuals, and to analyse and interpret test scores.
The first unit deals with the most widely used methods of transforming raw scores into more interpretable, and therefore, more useful derived scores. A raw score, by itself is not interpretable. The solution to the problem of making scores meaningful involves providing an adequate frame of reference to them. The second unit briefly covers some initial concepts of sampling and some tests of significance, which help us to draw some conclusions about the population under consideration, after studying a small part of population, i.e. the sample. The t-test is a very useful method for testing hypotheses about group level differences in outcomes or measurements. This unit also covers some non-parametric tests, i.e. Chi-Square Test and Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient Test, which are used when data have been categorized or ranked.
There are self-check exercises and activities in every unit which will help you evaluate your progress through the module. Summary given at the end provides an overview of the unit and suggested readings give additional sources of information.
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