About The Author
Dr. Lipsa Das, M.Sc. M.Phil and Ph.D. (Biological Anthropology) is a researcher at PG Department of Aanthropology, Utkal University. Dr. Das was a recepeient of doctoral fellowship from Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi. Dr. Das specializes on demographic anthropology when her work primarily revolves around midlife experiences of mothers, especially from tribal communities.
Dr. Prasanna Kumar Patra is Professor at Department of Anthropology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. He is also working as the Coordinator of Centre of Excellence in Tribal & Marginalised Communities (CoE in STMC) a World Bank-OHEPEE supported programme, Utkal University. He has postdoctoral research experience from University of Kyoto, Japan, Universuty of Leiden, the Netherlands and University of Sussex, United Kingdom. Dr. Patra has published more than 100 research papers in national and international journals and chapter in books. He has five books to his credit. Dr. Patra ishas also been associated with various research projects dealing with nutritional health and maternal & child health.
The About The Book
This "Demographic and Health Profiles of the Munda Tribe" is a valuable book in the field of anthropological research. It is purely based on original research work, carried out on the Munda community of Kalinganagar industrial area of Jajpur district of Odisha. All the chapters of this book are the outcome of the ethnographic data collected through the intensive fieldwork on the Munda community. The book specially discusses the current scenario and issues and challenges concerning to demographic and health profiles, faced by the Munda community. This book highlights the changes among the Munda community over a period of time in terms of their society, culture, tradition, belief, economy, health, education, demographic and development parameters. It concludes that the Munda community of Kalinganagar area, is in a state of transition in various aspects such as health and demographic parameters.
The Introduction
According to ancient Greek demos means "the people", and graphy means to "write" or "description or measurement". So Demography is the statically study of populations, especially human beings. It encompasses the study of the composition, size, structure, and distribution of populations, and also shows the changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging and death. Where as Bio-demography is the understanding of complimentary biological and demographic determinants and interaction between the birth and death process that shape individuals, cohorts and populations (Gavrilov & Gavrilova 2012). A number of studies (Rangelova, 2003; Carey, 2008; Arbeev et al., 2014; Fuster, 2016; Vaupel, 2010) on Bio- demography have been done by different investigators. Anthropologist has had an interest in the relationship between population growth, decline and level of complexities along with the factor for population change. So they adapted some methods, theories and also study the nature of population. They also use population data to understanding of cultural and biological phenomena of a particular group of people. World population growth is not constant it increases day by day due to reduction of death rate, improvements in public health, increase in food production, increase in education and standard of living etc. With the birth of "Aastha at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi on 11 th May 2000, India to hold one billion people after China (Hindustan Times, 2011). In India some of the demographic characters are known from census material namely age structure, sex composition, population size, fertility and mortality rate, age at marriage dependency ratio etc. According to 2011 census report the population of India was 1210193422. Whereas the current (2019) population of India is 1369010575 and it is equivalent to 17.71% of the total world population. Population explosion is a very big problem for the whole world, particularly in developing countries. To explain this situation, several demographic as well as bio-demographic studies has been done all over the world to see the changes occur in demographic variables which shape the population. The bio-cultural interactions of a population can be understood through bio-demographic study. According to Arbeev et al., (2014) Bio-demography is one of the most innovative and fastest growing areas in demography which integrating biological knowledge and traditional demographic methods to investigate variability in mortality and morbidity across populations and between individuals. The vital process like fertility, mortality, morbidity, etc. are the major demographic factors which help to evaluate the relationship between population and the environment. Demography mainly deals with the whole population or a section of it rather than individuals. Any variation in the size and composition of population takes place through any of the different vital process such as birth, death, marriage, migration and social mobility etc. Whereas the main challenge of bio demography is to develop a strategy that balances the need to build historical strengths and support novel creative, and times, high risk research that may point the field in exciting new directions (Carey, 2008). Susuman et al., (2016) study shows better understanding of bio-demographic research, taking an example of child mortality in Tanzania. Where different discipline study linked with different aspects for child mortality. Economist link with household assets, epidemiologist and medical professional link with disease and malnutrition, but the bio-demographers link with maternal fertility behaviour which was the main reason for child loss in Tanzania. Biodemography helps to understand the mechanism of genetic susceptibility to phenotypes of health, aging and longevity over individual's life courses (Yashin et al., 2017). Biodemographic studies of ageing and longevity shows a new direction of research (Gavrilov and Gavrilova, 2015). Marriage is a social phenomenon, which varies from population to population. Bio-demographers also study the rate and type of consanguineous marriages, intensity of inbreeding and socio-cultural factors promoting consanguineous marriages in different populations.
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