The largest concentration of tribal people anywhere in the world except perhaps Africa is in India. In India, 705 (with overlapping communities in more than one State) ethnic groups are recognised as scheduled Tribes under article 342 of the Constitution of India. Among them 75 tribal communities have been specially identified as primitive tribes, In West Bengal, three tribes have been clearly identified as the primitive tribes namely (1) Birhor (2) Lodha (3) Toto. People of these three communities are mainly facing problems related to agriculture, land alienation, displacement, lack of communication, health and education. Since independence, government has given special attention for the development of the communities. Various plans and programmes have been taken by the government and non-government organisations for the development of the socio-economic status of these communities. So the main objective of the study is to analyses the prevailing conditions of the PTGs (primitive tribal groups), governmental initiatives and lastly the results of such programmes.
Keeping such macro perspectives in view, I have tried to deal with the micro contexts within which these three tribes are surviving. Undoubtedly, this book has focused on the evaluation of various developmental schemes to depict the actual condition of those tribes. Some alternative suggestions are also framed which are very much context specific and may accelerate the progress and success of the overall development of those primitive tribes.
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