Introduction
Health is man's greatest wealth. Health is a result of not only medical care however it integrates growth such as, the social, cultural, educational, economic, and political of the entire society (Shaikh & Hatcher, 2005). Consequently, notwithstanding the scale of development, all human societies have a concept of what makes healthy living and the conception of illness. Health has physical, mental, and social health as its sub- domains. Health is sometimes considered the total outcome of organic neuromuscular interpretive and emotional development (Sharf & Vanderford, 2003). It is the ability of the body to sustain adaptive effort and is used to apply body power, vitality, and the ability to resist fatigue. Landy (1977) defined health as "the condition of an organism that permits it to adapt to its environmental situation with relatively minimal pain and discomfort, achieve at least some physical and psychic gratification, and possess a reasonable survival." Anthropologist study the socio-cultural scenario of human societies, beliefs, and practices relating to health. These aspects are often linked to people's belief in a wider range of misfortune like accidents, interpersonal conflicts, natural disasters, crop failure, etc (Bankoff et al., 2013). In every society, these misfortunes are blamed on supernatural forces, such as divine revenge, or the malevolence of a witch or sorcerer or break of taboo. These values and customs are associated with poor health. Medical anthropology is a subfield of anthropology that looks at how people from various cultures and social groups explain why they are sick become well. It also investigates how people's beliefs and practices are linked to hiological, psychological, and social changes (Singer et al., 2019). Universal to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his stated that the concept "Right to Ba broader term, it also includes several rights like, the right to responsibility for health, the right to medical care, the right to a healthy enscrotument, the right to For the development in all directions, the Constitution of India declared in Article procreate, rights of the deceased person, right to food, and right to not to reproduce 21. "No person shall be deprived of his/her liberty except through procedure established by law (Gupta, 2021). The social structures of communities are related to the concept of disease, health, and treatment. Every culture has its system of beliefs and practices, Le, relating to health and diseases and evolving its system of care to be free from disease. While discussing the constraint that creates poor health, poverty is one of the hindrances that continue to ensure good health in tribal societies of developing countries. Apart from poverty, other factors like unavailability of food, malnutrition, poor sanitation, illiteracy, inadequate constructed housing, unemployment, and poor working conditions, act as barriers to ensuring good health (Lindberg et al., 2022). which is the cornerstone for a healthy, wealthy, and prosperous life". There is no Qiao et al., (2021) states, "Health is the major pathway to human development, miraculous mechanism that can bring good quality of health immediately. Thus, it is a slow process that takes time and hinges on many things. Health is the condition of complete well-being and fitness. We can be medically fit and healthy if our bodies and mind work together. It means not being sick. That is true, health is undoubtedly the absence of disease, but it is more than that. Good health is feeling optimistic. We have good health when our bodies and minds can work at their best. There is a belief that for good health, it is necessary to be free from all kinds of mental tension. The World Health Organization (1948) defines "health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." However, the meaning and the perception of health, illness, and health-seeking behavior may not be the same in every community and culture. As a result, each culture has unique reasons for health and illness. As part of their cognitive evolution, human civilizations have sophisticated concepts about disease causes and how to treat them. The foundations of empirical medical systems provide treatment, prevention, and options.
About The Book
Based on empirical study among the settled and migrant Bhumija tribal community of Mayurbhanj and Khurda districts of Odisha, this book looks at the changing perspectives of health. It viewed Health Status, mainly looking at health from physiological and physical status of the body. In order for a comparative perspective of the changing health status among the settled and migrant Bhumijas, it has taken into consideration three important domains of health status such as; Demographic (fertility, mortality & morbidity characteristics), Nutritional (BMI, MUAC, stunting, wasting and underweight), and Physiological (SBP, DBP, consumption of tobacco etc.). The study reveals a perceptible difference between the settled and migrant Bhumija with respects to educational attainment, income status, fertility and mortality parameters, nutritional and physiological parameters.
About The Author
Dr. Kalandi Singh is currently working as Research Assistant at the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institutes (SCSTRTI), Bhubaneswar. Dr. Singh completed his Masters and Ph.D. in anthropology from Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. He is a recipient of UGC-NFHE (National Fellowship for Higher Education) Doctoral Fellowship for the Year 2017-2022. He also worked as a Consultant in the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) Project (2015-18).
Dr. Prasanna Kumar Patra is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Coordinator of the Centre of Excellence in Studies on Tribal and Marginalized Communities (CoE in STMC) at Utkal University, Bhubaneswar. Dr. Patra did his Ph.D. from University of Delhi (2002) and has postdoctoral research experiences from International Institute for Asian Studies (IIAS), Leiden University in the Netherlands (2004, 2005-2009), Kyoto University Japan (2005) and University of Sussex in Brighton, UK (2010, 2013-14). Dr. Patra has extensively worked among the tribal communities of the Central Himalayan region, Odisha, Maharashtra and Gujarat in the areas of demography, health and nutrition.
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