It is generally believed that the great rising of 1857 began from Barrackpur in Bengal where a Brahman Sepoy of the East India Company Mangal Pandey refused the use of the grease catridges and invoked his other comrades to take arms against the English for the protection of their religion. Major Hudson tried to arrest him, he shot him dead. Thus we see that the Muting started about two months before the fixed date. Mangal Pande tried to shoot himself but was made prisoner in wounded state. The news of the Barrackpur incident reached Meerut and the sepoys there and started revolt. The lotus and the chapter theory was circulated among different regiments and the villages in Northern India in January 1857. Thus the circulation of chapaties was a mysterious occurrence, the causes and aim of which was not even known to the best of contemporary observes and inquires what to say of common people and sepoys. Nature of the revolut brings us to the study of the third question as to whether the muting was a mere revolut of disgruntled sepoys or whether it was a national war of independence. One fact should further be emphasised. The movement was national in the sense that all communities made common causes with the rebels. While writing about the Rebellion of 1857, the English historians have attributed this Rebellion to the use of greased catridge and other things which created discententment amongst the Indian soldiers against the British government. In his whirlwind tour of the country, Tilak declared that the moderates could not deliever the goods and the people should look upto the extremists for the liberation of their country. After the Surat session, Tilak had not rest. Singlehanded, he a many-sided struggle and spread the fire of patriotism in every nook and earner of the Bombay Presidency. Gandhiji started fast into death in jail to protest against the proposal to give Harijans separate representation.
This was a vicious step towards fanning communalism according to Gandhiji. At the all India congress committee meeting in Bombay on August 8, 1942, Gandhiji gave fourth the slogan quit India. It was planned to have civil Disobedience Movement to force the British to leave India.
It was in the nature of the movement that the congress workers and leaders should stay outside the governmental machinery. Every socio-religious reformer who appealed to the past, so inter preted it as to make it appear to agree with the reforms he was suggesting. The British government realised that it was difficult to remain indifferent to the Indian problem any longer. The war situation was worsening day by day. On March 11, 1942 Churchill the Prime Minister of England sent Stafford cripps to resolve political deadlock.
The members of the congress working committee were let out of jail and high hopes prevailed on all sides. The idea of a separate Muslim state in a new form was elaborated by a group of young Muslim students in England Jinnah reiterated that we will not let either the British or Mr. Gandhi to rule India and the Musalmans.
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