Ever since the pioneering Indian FCT was brought out in the year 1937, the National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR), Hyderabad, has been constantly updating the compositional database of Indian foods. The new Indian Food Composition Tables. 2017", provides nutritional information on 151 discrete food components for 528 key foods. All data presented in this book originate from regional composite samples averaged for six geographical regions of the country. The voluminous food composition data of unprecedented analytical quality is statistically representative of both the national food supply and consumption pattern. The standard deviation of each component data point represents the overall variability within. No data in this book has been borrowed or derived from other data sources and represents accurate nutritional information of foods that are consumed across the country. The data are of reasonable representation of year-round nationwide means and fit for assessment of nutrient intakes and their impact on health of the population. Except for eggs, all other food component data are for foods in the raw form. Food being a biological matter exhibits variations in chemical composition due to multiple factors. This is particularly true for labile nutrients like vitamins and variations are imminent due to food processing. These limitations of the FCT need to be understood by the users.
Recent studies of the relationship between diet and health have led to increased interest in the range of biologically active constituents present in foods that accompany the nutrients. This book not only provides data of regular nutrients in foods complete in all respect but also on a whole range of bioactive substances. Vitamin D2 content in plant foods is presented here for the first time in the world. The tables contain data on oligosaccharides, phytosterols, organic acids and individual polyphenols. This book also embodies an exhaustive database on amino acid and fatty acid profiles of various foods. The users of the FCT will vary greatly and the data is expected to essentially benefit every national activity touching on human nutrition research, policy and education in India.
Keeping food composition data up-to-date is continuous challenge and Indian Food Composition Tables, 2017' does not contain a exhaustive list of all foods consumed in India. The multi-cultural nature of the Indian population can be observed in the diverse ethnic foods used across the regions for which compositional database is still inconsistent and fragmentary, Food composition tables are never complete due to the constant introduction of new foods into food supply, discovery of food components that are associated with health and disease, and continuous improvements in analytical methods and techniques.
International support is necessary and the International Network of Food Data Systems (INFOODS) at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome continues to provide assistance in terms of standards development and capacity building to strengthen national food composition activities across the world. Generating high quality food composition data is an expensive proposition but essential for elevating the nutrition scenario of the country. Therefore, sustained funding from the government through policy environment is required to sustain this cardinal activity.
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