This book presents a new translation of iśvarakşna's Sämkhya Kärikä, with grammatical analysis. It includes interpretive essays that explore the philosophical aspects of the Sämkhya system by Geoffrey Ashton, Ana Funes Maderey, Mikel Burley, Christopher Key Chapple, and Srivatsa Ramaswami, as well as its sociological and psychological applications as delineated by Marzenna Jakubczak, McKim Marriott, and Alfred Collins.
Samkhya espouses a reciprocity between Praksti, the realm of activity, and Puruşa, the silent witness. It also delineates the phenomenal experiences that arise from Prakrti, including the operations of the human body, the five great elements, and mental states. Its foundational ideas can be found in Rg Veda 1.164.20, also quoted in the Manduka and Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣads: "Two birds associated together, and mutual friends, take refuge in the same tree; one of them eats the sweet fig; the other abstaining from food, merely looks on." The active bird symbolizes Prakṛti and the bird looking on serves as a metaphor for Puruşa.
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