In my recollection. I engaged in a debate with a faculty member regarding the perceived oppressiveness of Hinduism. During our exchange, the faculty member referred to the Purusha Sukta as an evidence of oppression, citing the association of Shudras with the Purusha's feet and Brahmanas with the mouth. Additionally, they asserted that Shudras were prohibited from scholarly pursuits. It became evident that the source of these assertions was a mere rephrasing of B.R. Ambedkar's work, notably "Who Were the Shudras".
At this point, with a thorough understanding of the subject, I feel compelled to respond. I have mentioned the ongoing debate over the Purusha Sukta as a possible later interpolation, referencing Ambedkar's agreement with this view. I have also highlighted Dharampal's important work, "The Beautiful Tree", which challenges the misconception that Shudras were denied access to education. These revelations undoubtedly surprise them. Inspired by this experience, I decided to write an article on the topic. Initially, the composition covered eight pages, which I then shared with friends and family for their feedback. After receiving positive responses. I decided to expand the project.
Although I am not a Sanskrit scholar, I have extensively studied caste, particularly in the context of India. In this book, I primarily rely on translations that are readily available online, making them easy to verify. These translations come from reputable and credible translators. Before delving into the book's three chapters, it is important to explore the foundational concept of Varna-Ashrama Dharma. Understanding this framework is essential for grasping the complexities of Varna, which are often misinterpreted when considered in isolation. This ancient system combines Varna, referring to distinct social classes, with Ashrama, denoting various life stages. Each Varna performs specific societal roles while progressing through the designated Ashramas for personal spiritual development. By examining Varna through the lens of Ashrama, one can achieve a comprehensive understanding of its intended role in the society.
The Varna system comprises of four social classes: Brahmans (scholars), Kshatriyas (rulers/warriors), Vaishyas (merchants/farmers), and Shudras (labourers/service providers). These classes are traditionally associated with certain qualities, while their primary function involves fulfilling specific occupations and roles within the society.
This system is interconnected with the four Ashramas: Brahmacharya (student), Grihastha (householder), Vanaprastha (forest dweller), and Sannyasa (renunciation). which outline different stages of life focused on personal and spiritual growth.
The fourfold system provides individuals with a crucial element: identity. Varna serves as a collective identity linked to one's profession, allowing individuals to contribute to society. At the same time, Ashrama ensures individual identity and nurtures personal growth.
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