Indian political scene as we find it today, a thorough study of the prominent political thinkers is very essential. Although in the Vedas an embryonic caste form is portrayed, by the end of the Vedic period the institution had become stereotyped, and it was fairly prevalent by the time of the Buddha. The brahman was the referent whereby rank position was determined, and distinctions had come to be based on relative ritual purity. The two highest castes (brahman priests and ksatriya nobility) monopolized duties that required ritual purity. The brahmans possessed the right to study the scriptures, perform the sacrifice, pursue the ascetic life, and "receive gifts." By the later Vedic period they and the ksatriyas had become virtually endogamous. Kautilya was the key adviser to and the genius of the strategy undertaken by the Indian king Chandragupta Maurya (c. 317-293 B.C.E.), who defeated the Nanda kings (several related kings trying unsuccessfully to rule India together), stopped the advance of Alexander the Great's successors, and first united most of the Indian subcontinent in empire. Kautilya-sometimes called chancellor or prime minister to Chandragupta, something like a Bismarck-composed his Arthashastra, or "science of politics," to show a wise king how to defeat his enemies and rule on behalf of the general good. The political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi as it urbanized throughout the course of his political behaviors maintained an essential stability with earlier strands of thought. The essentially Indian spiritual approach to politics, urbanized by Vivekananda and Aurobindo Ghosh establish its sustained expression in Gandhi. In 1909, in Hind Swaraj, he accepted the vital distinctions made flanked by society and state and India and the west. He extolled the spirituality of India and juxtaposed it to the violent, politically corrupt nature of the European state. A system of political beliefs and speculations requires a general understanding of the symbolic forms in terms of which reality is comprehended by a people. Men reveal reality to themselves through particular ways of seeing, which discriminate objects and events from the whole in which they are embedded. Observation is purposive behaviour, and in the first stages of the development of human knowledge acts of discrimination and the assignment of meaning are closely bound together. Jayaprakash Narayan (October 11, 1902-October 8, 1979), widely known as JP, was an Indian independence activist and political leader, remembered especially for leading the opposition to Indira Gandhi in the 1970s and for giving a call for peaceful Total Revolution. His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and an eminent writer of Hindi literature, Ramavriksha Benipuri. In 1998, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social work. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965. Modern Indian Philosophical Thoughts wraps all eminent Indian philosophical thinkers, through medieval to the modern times. Thus, this book gives an overview of the development of the Indian philosophical thought through special historical periods, giving an imminent into the sociological and political situations of the times. that shaped the Indian philosophical thinking.
Avakuo Vemai, a Ph.D scholar is presently working as an Assistant Professor in the department of Political Science at Mount Everest College, Senapati, Manipur. He is diligently involved in building the community by serving as a mentor to the youths Besides his academic and social activities, he has a strong passion for music. Hereby, he composes short instrumental music in his leisure time. As an academician and mentor, he has attended many seminars, workshops and delivered some insightful and motivational talks to the youths across the globe on various platforms.
Ancient Indian political thought must be understood in the context of religious beliefs. In the carliest cosmology the political order was seen as analogous to the commos, its creation a repetition of the divine creation of the cosmic system. Vedic linargy was essentially an effort to reproduce the cosmic order so as to ensure the effective functioning of society. By the later Vedic period the anthropomorphic gods of the heroic age had been eclipsed by more imposing and aloof deities, and the rituals had become a highly formalized religion with a complex ceremonialism. As religion came to be tied to technical expertise, the priests strengthened their position, isolating themselves from social controls. By the end of this period the Aryan invaders had extended their hegemony over the whole of the Gangetic plain. The Indian political ideas were adopted from time to time by the political leaders. Impact of these ideas on the political action of the people, particularly, during the Tilak, Roy, Gandhi, Azad and Nehru era has been specially emphasised. The political, social and economic ideas of the socialist and the communist leaders of India are presented an excellent manner. Mano is a term found with various meanings in Hinduism. In early texts, it refers to the archerypal man, or to the first man (progenitor of humanity). The Sanskrit term for human', means of Manu' or 'children of Manu'. In later texts, Manu is the title or name of mystical sage-rulers of earth, or alternatively as the head of mythical dynasties that begin with each cyclic kalpa (acon) when the universe is born anew. The book would be of great value for the students as well as the teachers.
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