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Martyr As Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh

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Martyr As Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh

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Specifications

	Publisher: Anthem Press, Delhi
	Author Ishwar Dayal Gaur
	Language: English
	Pages: 197 (B/W Illustrations)
	Cover: HARDCOVER
	6.5x9.5 inch
	Weight 450 gm
	Edition: 2008
	ISBN: 9788190583503
	HCB806

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Book Description

About the Book To some, history and culture literature are strange bedfellows. This book on Bhagat Singh is written from the viewpoint of vernacular Punjabi culture and tries to tread on the marginalized path of vernacular culture as a methodology of a historian's craft. The book seeks to understand the manner in which Punjabis constructed the image of Bhagat Singh in their literature. Bhagat Singh's revolutionary life culminating in his martyrdom had an impact on the Punjabis who in their diverse genres of folklore-catch songs, marriage songs, couplets and proverbs eulogized him in multiple contexts. Traditional balladeers narrated the heroics of Bhagat Singh in their popular recitals to the rural audiences Therefore, it is not surprising that Bhagat Singh caught the imagination of contemporary poets who had begun to perceive him as a martyr even before his execution. Bhagat Singh facilitates an interaction' among the Punjabis despite the boundaries fabricated by colonial politics. An exploration into the symbiosis of Punjabi culture and Bhagat Singh is meaningful because this exercise underscores the syncretic cultural way in which the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh Punjabis recognize each other and maintain their common cultural space. Bhagat Singh continues to be a symbol of revolution and martyrdom

About the Author Ishwar Dayal Gaur teaches History at Panjab University, Chandigarh. His doctoral research was on the anti-imperialist struggle, which was pursued in close association with progressive student politics. Thereafter, he diversified into studies on culture, folklore and literature. He has made several presentations on these subjects in conferences, seminars and public forums. He has authored Essays on History and Historiography (1998) and as a poet, he has versified the cultural mosaic of undivided Punjab in two collections, namely Surmedani (1999) and Charkha Bole Sain Sain (2007).

Acknowledgements I have derived immense benefit from innumerable discussions with two of my colleagues at Panjab University, Surinder Singh (Department of History) and Nahar Singh (Department of Punjabi), on the history of medieval South Asia, the evolution of cultural forms and the nature of folklore. I take pride in dedicating this book to them. My understanding of martyrdom at the levels of (i) concept and revolutionary praxis, (ii) literary praxis, (iii) the marriage ritual of ghori (the journey of the bridegroom to the bride's house riding on a ceremonial mare) and (iv) the synthesis of marriage and martyrdom - is based on the writings of several historians, sociologists, anthropologists and folklorists. In particular, I am indebted to Bipan Chandra, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, JPS Uberoi, Religion, Civil Society And the State: A Study of Sikhism, Christopher Pinney, "A secret of their own country": Or, how Indian nationalism made itself irrefutable'; Sumathi Ramaswamy, 'Visualizing India's geo-body: Globes, maps, bodyscapes'; Patricia Uberoi, "Unity in diversity?" Dilemmas of nationhood in Indian calendar art'; Nahar Singh, Maan Suhagan Shagan Kare (A collection of Punjabi marriage songs); HS Gill, Folk Art of the Punjab, Shahid Amin, 'On Retelling the Muslim Conquest of North India'; Marc Gaborieau, The Ghazi Miyan Cult in Western Nepal and Northern India' and Kerrin Grafin Schwerin, "The Cow-saving Muslim Saint: Elite and Folk Representations of a Tomb Cult in Oudh'.

Preface The above cited statements recall Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937), an Italian Marxist thinker, who always refused to compromise on his ideas and was ready to die for them, not just to be put in prison. In 1928 he was accused of plotting the subversion of the fascist state and was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. Just before the sentence was passed, the Public Prosecutor rose and pointed to Gramsci, 'For twenty years', he demanded, 'we must stop that brain from working. And in Bhagat Singh's case, death penalty was the only alternative. The dominant forces of his times had identified in him a radical thinker. He was a voracious and thoughtful reader. A reading of his prison diary suggests the nature of his intellectual predilections. One can understand why he was characterized as a criminal and a conspiratorial force by the 'politics of justice'. He is said to have been reading Lenin when he was about to be taken to the gallows. One wonders how many of his contemporary Indian leaders 'knew then that they had lost in him a man who, had he lived, might have had an incalculable impact on the course of India's politics'.

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