THE PRESENT WORK is a study in the changing socio-economic condition of the scheduled castes with special reference to district Jaunpur in eastern Uttar Pradesh. The scheduled castes which comprise a number of traditionally low order castes, have been the virtual underdogs of the Hindu society. They were known as 'Shudras' and were kept out of the mainstream of Hindu social life. However, with the emergence of modern social forces as a result of India's contact with the west, a gradual change started taking place in the attitude of caste Hindus towards these castes. After independence and especially after the establishment of a democratic republic of India, a number of steps were taken both by the Central and State Government to raise their socio-economic status and towards this end, numerous facilities were extended to them. The aim of this study is to assess the changes that have taken place in the life of the scheduled castes as a result of the socio-political changes in India in recent years.
The study is divided into fourteen chapters. Chapter I is concerned with a general discussion of the position of the scheduled castes and chapter II deals with the problem of research design and methodology. Chapter III discusses the social background of the scheduled castes and chapter IV with their social organisation in its various dimension. Chapter V analyses the occupational mobility of the respondents in three generations and chapter VI deals with their economic conditions. Chapters VII is concerned with their education, political participation and political affiliation. Chapter VIII presents the new dimensions of social change among scheduled castes, and chapters IX to XII respectively deal with a study of intercaste relations and social distance among scheduled castes, the changing socio-economic conditions of the scheduled castes in Jaunpur district, indebtedness among scheduled castes, and weaker sections in India and reform movements. Chapter XIV is a brief retrospect of the main findings of the study and a summary of its main conclusions.
A number of friends-officials and non officials have helped me in the course of this study. It is not possible for me to acknowledge my debt to them all individually. But I am particularly grateful to the authorities of the Collectorate Library, Jaunpur, of the Luck-now University, Tagore Library, Gorakhpur University Library, U.P. Government Secretariate Library and T.D. College Library, Jaunpur. I am also thankful to my respondents who gave me full co-operation in the collection of first-hand data concerning the various aspects of their life. My thanks are due also to Shri Hridya Narain Singh, Ex-M.L.C., Ex-Principal, Pro-vice Chanceller, T.D. College, Jaunpur and to my guide Dr. S.P. Nagendra, M.A. Ph.D., Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology, University of Gorakhpur who have helped me in ways too numerous to specify.
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